Add the ground beef to a large stockpot or Dutch oven and brown over medium heat, breaking the meat up into small pieces as it cooks.
As the meat begins to brown, stir in the minced onion and garlic. Continue cooking and stirring for about 5 minutes, until the onion is tender and the beef is fully cooked through. Drain excess grease if desired.
Add the chopped cabbage, beef broth, tomato juice, uncooked white rice, Worcestershire sauce, undrained diced tomatoes with chiles, and salt to the pot. Stir well to combine.
Bring the mixture to a rolling boil. Once boiling, reduce the heat to low, cover the pot with a tight-fitting lid, and simmer for 25 minutes (or until the rice and cabbage are perfectly tender).
Taste the broth and adjust with additional salt if needed. Serve immediately, topped with freshly grated Parmesan cheese.